Anasazi culture was widespread and considerable variety
exists within pottery. Archaeologists have categorized Anasazi
pottery types into a number of wares, or groups of pottery
types which share the majority of structural and decorative
features. Within each ware, a historical sequence can be traced
from the beginnings of Anasazi culture to the end.
Tusayan Gray Ware
This utility ware is found in the northeastern quarter of
Arizona.
Material: The clay is gray to buff
Construction: Coiled-and-scraped
Paint: Carbon-based in the west,
iron-based in the east
Firing: Reducing atmosphere
Forms: Bowls and globular jars
Tsegi Series
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Lino
Gray 500 - 800
Basketmaker III/Early Pueblo I
One of the earliest widespread pottery types, this Tusayan
Gray Ware type served as a primary utility ware throughout
Basketmaker III and Early Pueblo I.
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Lino
Fugitive Red 550 - 800
Basketmaker III/Early Pueblo I
In this variety of Lino Gray, the earliest attempts at
providing vessels with a red slip were less than successful.
It soon abraded or washed away, leaving only traces.
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Lino
Black-on-Gray 550 - 850
Basketmaker III/Early Pueblo I
This was one of the first painted whitewares. The painted
decoration on this Tusayan White Ware type resembles those
found on baskets.
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Kana-a Gray 865 - 1050
Late Pueblo I/ Early Pueblo II
Kana-a Gray is characterized by neckbanding, a series of
three to six corrugations encircling the neck of jars. |
Rio Grande Series
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Rosa
Black-on-White 1000 - 1130
Late Pueblo II
Rosa Black-on-White was one of the formative types in the
San Padro Mountains area to the northwest of Santa Fe. |
Tusayan White Ware
This decorated ware is found in the northeastern quarter
of Arizona.
Material: The clay is medium to
light gray
Construction: Coiled-and-scraped
Paint: Organic-based on polished
unslipped or on white slip
Firing: Neutral to reducing
atmosphere
Forms: Bowls, jars, canteens,
scoops, seed jars, pitchers, effigies, ladles
Kayenta Series
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Kana-a Black-on-White 825 - 1000
Late Pueblo I
Further sophistication in decoration and organic paint
characterize this type.
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Black Mesa Black-on-White 1000 - 1100
Pueblo II
This was the parallel to Red Mesa in the Tusayan White Ware
tradition. Painted decoration is very similar, but organic
paint was employed.
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Sosi
Black-on-White 1070 - 1180
Late Pueblo II/Early Pueblo III
Similar to Flagstaff Black-on-White in design, patterns are
usually bolder and larger in this Tusayan White Ware type.
Interlocking barbed lines are typical of the style.
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Dogoszhi Black-on-White 1040 - 1220
Late Pueblo II/Early Pueblo III
This was one of several similar Tusayan White Ware types
produced in the Chaco Canyon area characterized by wide bands
of hatching without solid elements.
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Flagstaff Black-on-White 1150 - 1220
Early Pueblo III
Designs tend to be smaller and busier than those of Sosi
Black-on-White, many of the motifs multiplied throughout in
this Tusayan White Ware type.
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Tusayan Black-on-White 1200 - 1300
Late Pueblo III
This type is characterized by banded decoration composed of
large solids separated by parallel lines. Dotted triangles are
reminiscent of Black Mesa Black-on-White.
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Kayenta Black-on-White 1200 - 1300
Late Pueblo III
Kayenta Black-on-White is one of the finest wares produced
in the Tusayan area. Designs are banded and negative-painted. |
Little Colorado White Ware
This ware is found in the narrow strip flanking the Little
Colorado River as it runs through northern Arizona.
Material: The clay is generally
dark, and may refire to red
Construction: Coiled-and-scraped
Paint: Organic, on kaolinite slip
Firing: Neutral to reducing
atmosphere
Forms: Bowls and jars
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Holbrook Black-on-White 1050 - 1150
Late Pueblo II/Early Pueblo III
Bold designs and broad lines distinguish this Little
Colorade White Ware type, similar to Black Mesa
Black-on-White, but differing in paste and temper.
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Walnut B Black-on-White 1200 - 1250
Early Pueblo III
Interlocking, hooked scrolls, negative painting and banded
designs separated by parallel lines signal the B variety of
this Little Colorado White Ware type.
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Leupp Black-on-White 1200 - 1250
Pueblo III
Large fields of small, closely-spaced elements,
particularly dotted squares, exemplify this relatively rare
Little Colorado White Ware type. |
Mesa Verde White Ware
This ware is found primarily in the southwest corner
of Colorado in the area around Mesa Verde.
Material: The clay is gray to
white
Construction: Coiled-and-scraped
Paint: Organic on pearly
gray-white slip
Firing: Reducing atmosphere
Forms: Bowls, jars, ladles, scoops
and, particularly, mugs
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McElmo Black-on-White 1100 - 1200
Early Pueblo III
The only Cibola White Ware type with organic paint, designs
tend to be linear and solid, often painted in the Flagstaff
Style.
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Mesa
Verde Black-on-White 1200 - 1300
Late Pueblo III
The organic paints used in the Mesa Verde tradition and
the pearly white slips make this type quite distinctive. |
Pajarito Gray Ware
This ware is found in the northern Rio Grande area, around Santa
Fe and in the Jemez Mountains.
Material: The clay is gray to
brown
Construction: Coiled-and-scraped
Paint: Mineral-based on white
slip
Firing: Reducing atmosphere
Forms: Bowls and jars
Pajarito Series
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Santa Fe Black-on-White 1200 - 1300
Late Pueblo III
Santa Fe Black-on-White is found in the Upper Rio Grande
area. It is derived from earlier types, Gallina and Kwahe's
Black-on-White, but has a better slip and is more carefully
smoothed. |
Cibola White Ware
Cibola White Wares are found in east-central Arizona and
west-central New Mexico.
Material: The clay is white to
dark gray
Construction: Coiled-and-scraped
Paint: Mineral-based on white
slip
Firing: Reducing atmosphere
Forms: Bowls, jars, effigies,
ladles, scoops, seed jars and canteens
Puerco-Chaco Series
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La
Plata Black-on-White 550 - 725
Basketmaker III
La Plata Black-on-White is the earliest of the painted
Cibola White Wares.
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White Mound Black-on-White 700 - 900
Pueblo I
This Cibola White Ware type was one of the first to
demonstrate a more sophisticated organization in painted
decoration.
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Kiatuthlanna Black-on-White 850 - 950
Late Pueblo I/Early Pueblo II
Higher sophistication in decoration and mineral paint make
this the counterpart to Kana-a for the Cibola White Ware
tradition.
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Red
Mesa Black-on-White 900 - 1050
Early Pueblo II
This was the dominant black-on-white type in the Cibola
White Ware tradition during this period. Designs continue to
be more elaborate, executed in mineral paint.
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Gallup Black-on-White 1030 - 1125
Late Pueblo II
This Cibola White Ware type has designs similar to those
found in the Chaco area, but they include occasional solid
elements and were executed in mineral paint.
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Chaco Black-on-White 1075 - 1150
Late Pueblo II
This type was made in the Chaco Canyon area during the peak
of Chacoan supremacy. Most designs consist of interlocking
hatched bands.
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Puerco Black-on-White 1030 - 1150
Late Pueblo II/Early Pueblo III
The designs on this Cibola White Ware type consist of
linear and negative-painted solid elements, occasional set off
by panels of hatching.
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Escavada Black-on-White 1000 - 1130
Late Pueblo II/Early Pueblo III
Escavada Black-on-White usually carries bold motifs
executed in broad lines and these decorations are generally
based on triangles. |
San Juan Series
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Mancos Black-on-White 900 - 1050
Early Pueblo II
Mancos Black-on-White is found in the Mesa Verde area, east
of Mesa Verde National Park. Mancos patterns tend to consist
of wide bands of hatched elements as opposed to the bolder
contemporary McElmo patterns. |
White Mountain Red Ware
This ware is found in the east-central part of Arizona
and west-central part of New Mexico.
Material: The clay is white to
gray, or yellow to orange
Construction: Coiled-and-scraped
Paint: Mineral or organic-based,
(glaze paints are late) on thick limonite or hematite slip.
Firing: Oxidizing atmosphere
Forms: Bowls, jars, pitchers,
dippers, canteens, effigies
Zuni Series
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Wingate Black-on-Red 1050 - 1200
Late Pueblo II/Early Pueblo III
Designs for this White Mountain Red Ware type consist
primarily of interlocking solid and hatched elements, executed
in organic paint on a dark red slip.
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Puerco Black-on-Red 1030 - 1150
Late Pueblo II/Early Pueblo III
Puerco Black-on-Red has interlocking frets, dotted
triangles, broad lines, stripes, stepped parallel lines and
interlocking scroll triangles may be arranged in continuous
bands around the vessel.
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Wingate Polychrome 1125 - 1225
Early Pueblo III
Wingate Polychrome is Wingate Black-on-Red with white and
red designs on the exterior. Early examples are Houck variety,
later version Querino variety.
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St
Johns Black-on-Red 1150 - 1300
Early Pueblo III/Late Pueblo III
This type is the redware equivalent of Tularosa
Black-on-white, fired in an oxidizing atmosphere to achieve a
red ground.
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St
Johns Polychrome 1150 - 1300
Early Pueblo III/Late Pueblo III
This type is the same as St Johns Black-on-Red, but the
exteriors of bowls have added decoration executed in white
paint.
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St
Johns Glaze Polychrome 1200 - 1300
Late Pueblo III
This type is the result of the introduction of glaze
paints, which provided richer, glossier colors, late in the
history of St Johns Polychrome. |
San Juan Orange Ware
This ware is found in the southeast corner of Utah, along the San
Juan Basin.
Material: The clay is red to
brown
Construction: Coiled-and-scraped
Paint: Mineral-based
Firing: Oxidizing atmosphere
Forms: Bowls and jars
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Plata Black-on-Orange 750 - 900
Early Pueblo I/Late Pueblo I
La Plata Black-on-Orange is the earliest black-on-red type
in the northern plateau area. Vessels were slipped and were
fired in an oxidizing atmosphere.
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Abajo Red-on-Orange 700 - 900
Early Pueblo I/Late Pueblo I
An unusual Tsegi Orange Ware type found in southeastern
Utah, this pottery was perhaps the earliest Anasazi redware,
and may have been inspired by Mogollon types. |
Tsegi Orange Ware
This ware is found in the northernmost part of Arizona, north of
Flagstaff.
Material: The clay is yellow to
orange
Construction: Coiled-and-scraped
Paint: Manganese-based on bright
red slip
Firing: Oxidizing atmosphere
Forms: Bowls
Black Mesa Series
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Tusayan Black-on-Red 1000 - 1300
Late Pueblo II/Pueblo III
This was one of the earliest Tsegi Orange Wares in the
Tusayan area, and also the first to employ designs composed
primarily of hatched elements.
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Tusayan B Polychrome 1100 - 1300
Pueblo III
Wide red bands outlined in black are characteristic of this
Tsegi Orange Ware type, but while the A variety has solid
designs between the bands, the B variety also contains
hatching. |
Little Colorado Series
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Deadmans Black-on-Red 800 - 1000
Late Pueblo I/Early Pueblo II
Deadmans Black-on-Red was one of the first black-on-red
types in the northern plateau area. The decoration, which
generally consisted of coarse lines, wide bands and triangles,
was often polished over before firing, blurring it slightly. |
Hopi Series
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Jeddito Black-on-Orange 1275 - 1400
Pueblo IV
Jeddito Black-on-Orange was the first of a long line of
Hopi yellow wares. It differs from later Jeddito
Black-on-Yellow in both the more formal geometric designs and
darker paste color. |
Jeddito Yellow Ware
This distinctive ware is fairly easy to recognize, and
is considered the ancestor of historic Hopi wares.
Material: The clay is hard,
fine and yellow.
Construction: Coiled-and-scraped
Paint: Manganese-based, fires
brown to black
Firing: Oxidizing atmosphere
Forms: Bowls and jars
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Jeddito Black-on-Yellow 1300 - 1625
Pueblo IV
A precursor to the historic Hopi types, the Jeddito Yellow
Ware type has asymmetrical patterns and is painted on both
interior and exterior.
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Jeddito Spattered 1300 - 1625
Pueblo IV
The interiors of vessels of this Jeddito Yellow Ware type
are painted by spattering pigment onto the surface.
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Bidahochi Polychrome 1320 - 1400
Pueblo IV
This Jeddito Yellow Ware type is characterized by white
outlining around bold designs emphasizing linear and solid
elements. |
From:
http://www.beloit.edu/~museum/logan/southwest/anasazi/anasazi.htm |